It was late 70′s when something happened in a MIT laboratory. Programmers there used to share their work with programmers from other universities all over the U.S. They were completely convinced that the best way to improve their work was to share with other people their work, so that these people could review it, find out what parts didn’t work properly and also propose changes to improve or even to customize the program for their own purposes.
One day, the MIT directors decided that the programmers work should not be shared with other people that didn’t take part of each department. Most of the engineers and programmers there showed their disagreement with that decision. One of them decided that he would continue sharing his work with other people around the world, so he was completely sure that that was the right way to make things better.
At that time, this guy, whose name was «Richard Stallman», used a rudimentary operating system on his computer. The base OS was proprietary: he bought that software and he couldn’t analyze the source code. But he started to implement small programs for that OS that he shared with others, and also gave the source code in order to ask for improvements and revisions.
Time went on and the number of these small (and not that small) programs grew exponentially. At that moment they started thinking about implementing a base OS that whose source code could be shared as well. What they wanted was create an OS completely accessible for everyone.
In order to organize this kind of ideology they redacted the principles of the Free Software. Not free as a «free beer» but «free as in freedom». Those principles tried to create the basis of how to share their software while assuring that that «free software» remained always «free software». Basically, the principles were:
- The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0).
- The freedom to study how the program works, and change it to make it do what you wish (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a precondition for this.
- The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor (freedom 2).
- The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others (freedom 3). By doing this you can give the whole community a chance to benefit from your changes. Access to the source code is a precondition for this.
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Meanwhile, across the sea, at the Helsinki University, there was a programmer named Linus Torvalds that was developing an operating system. At the beginning, he was not sure whether to share with others his work, but the free software movement had already arrived to Europe and most programmers were aware about its philosophy. Finally, Linus decided to share his works with «the community».
The mix of the thousand of programs developed by free software programmers and the linux kernel created by Linus Torvalds created the GNU/Linux Operating System. This was the yea 1991.
The free software development model has been successful across the years. Since everyone can have access to the source code of free software and use it at they wish, a lot of companies started to take advantage of it and founded different projects for their own interests. They were obligated by the four principles of the free software to respect the sharing principles, so everybody was benefited when a company decided to invest on something concrete related to free software.
After 20 years since the GNU/Linux OS was created, a lot of people use it and companies still invest on it. Even though it is not as famous as Apple or Microsoft, GNU/Linux is the main actor on fields like web servers or supercomputers.